Autologous subcutaneous adipose tissue transplants improve adipose tissue metabolism and reduce insulin resistance and fatty liver in diet-induced obesity rats.

Gonzalo Torres-Villalobos,Braulio Martínez-Benítez,Sofía Morán-Ramos,Armando R Tovar,Lilia G Noriega,Juan C Ceballos-Cantú,Samuel Torres-Landa,Nashla Hamdan-Pérez,Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor,Roberto Medina-Santillán,Nimbe Torres,Claudia Tovar-Palacio,Alejandro López-Garibay,Carmen Castillo-Hernández,Elizabeth Figueroa-Juárez,Guillermo Ordaz-Nava,Marcia Hiriart,Ivan Torre-Villalvazo

doi:10.14814/phy2.12909

Abstract

Long‐term dietary and pharmacological treatments for obesity have been questioned, particularly in individuals with severe obesity, so a new approach may involve adipose tissue transplants, particularly autologous transplants. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic effects of autologous subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) transplants into two specific intraabdominal cavity sites (omental and retroperitoneal) after 90 days. The study was performed using two different diet‐induced obesity (DIO) rat models: one using a high‐fat diet (HFD) and the other using a high‐carbohydrate diet (HCHD). Autologous SAT transplant reduced hypertrophic adipocytes, improved insulin sensitivity, reduced hepatic lipid content, and fasting serum‐free fatty acids (FFAs) concentrations in the two DIO models. In addition, the reductions in FFAs and glycerol were accompanied by a greater reduction in lipolysis, assessed via the phosphorylation status of HSL, in the transplanted adipose tissue localized in the omentum compared with that localized in the retroperitoneal compartment. Therefore, the improvement in hepatic lipid content after autologous SAT transplant may be partially attributed to a reduction in lipolysis in the transplanted adipose tissue in the omentum due to the direct drainage of FFAs into the liver. The HCHD resulted in elevated fasting and postprandial serum insulin levels, which were dramatically reduced by the autologous SAT transplant. In conclusion, the specific intraabdominal localization of the autologous SAT transplant improved the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of adipose tissue in obese rats and selectively corrected the metabolic parameters that are dependent on the type of diet used to generate the DIO model.

Highlights

Obesity is an epidemic disease representing a particular focus of many public health efforts worldwide (Khan et al 2009; Malik et al 2013; Ogden et al 2014)
This difference between rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet (HCHD) and rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) was evident after the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with insulin measurements because the area under the curve (AUC) for serum insulin was significantly greater in rats fed a HCHD than in rats fed a HFD (Fig. 4A and B)
It is interesting to remark on the significant reduction in the amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in the Tr group compared with the Sh group in rats fed a HCHD, taking into account that in the Tr group, the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was removed and transplanted into the VAT

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is an epidemic disease representing a particular focus of many public health efforts worldwide (Khan et al 2009; Malik et al 2013; Ogden et al 2014) It is a complex metabolic disorder associated with the appearance of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia among other comorbidities; there is an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Perrini et al 2008). The success of long-term dietary and pharmacological treatments has been questioned, in individuals with severe obesity (Kakkar and Dahiya 2015). For this reason, new strategies are being explored

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