Abstract
The tensional and mechanical behavior of regenerative components, grafts, and blood clots represent an essential condition for the success of bone regeneration protocols. Autologous platelet growth factors represent a useful protocol to enhance the soft and hard tissue healing in several fields of medicine and craniofacial surgery. Different protocols for blood concentrates with and without activation have been proposed in literature. The aim of the present study was to investigate in vitro the mechanical properties of autologous platelet gel (APG) with autologous thrombin and calcium chloride. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 APG samples were evaluated; 10 samples were activated by autologous thrombin and calcium chloride (Group I) and 10 samples were non-activated (Group II). The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were calculated through a static loading test (Lloyd 30 K, Lloyd Instruments Ltd., Segensworth, UK). Results: Group I (activated) reported a tensile strength of 373.5 ± 14.3 MPa, while Group II showed a significantly lower value of 360.5 ± 16.3 MPa (p < 0.05). The Young’s modulus was 145.3 ± 10.4 MPa for Group I and 140.3 ± 15.3 MPa for Group II (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The effectiveness of the present in vitro simulation showed that the APG activation protocol is able to increase the mechanical characteristics of the blood derivates and could be clinically useful to enhance regenerative procedures.
Highlights
Dental implants for the rehabilitation of partially or totally edentulous patients are extensively used, with a high-percentage survival rate in regenerated bone [1,2] or in bone with poor quality [3]
The local cellular response mediated by citokines and growth factor release in the early stages of bone healing play a fundamental role for the sustaining of the healing processes of the bone defects [12,13]
The study data were recorded by the machine extensometer by the elastic regime of deformation of the study samples, and the resulting mechanical properties under tensile strength (Table 1) showed that the non-activated autologous platelet gel (APG) had a tensile strength of
Summary
Dental implants for the rehabilitation of partially or totally edentulous patients are extensively used, with a high-percentage survival rate in regenerated bone [1,2] or in bone with poor quality [3]. The clinical relevance of the space maintenance concept is determined by the creation of a regenerative space necessary for the stabilization and protection of blood clots, which constitute the trigger component for defect healing and new bone formation [10,11]. In this context, the local cellular response mediated by citokines (such as interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ) and growth factor release in the early stages of bone healing play a fundamental role for the sustaining of the healing processes of the bone defects [12,13]
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