Abstract
During the latest 40 years, the role of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) as consolidation therapy for adult patients with acute leukemia has changed. Patient after AHSCT treatment has low transplantation related mortality and good quality of life. However, the relapse rate after AHSCT is high. Favorable acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and AML patients who are not suitable for allergenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) can benefit from AHSCT. In the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targented therapy, Ph+ -acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients who have good response to TKI therapy have long-term quality of life after AHSCT treatment. To improve the curative effect of AHSCT treatment for acute leukemia, AHSCT should better be done after two to three chemotherapies for AML patients and three to five chemotherapies for ALL patients following complete remission. Furthermore, ALL patients should receive maintenance therapy after AHSCT. Key words: Leukemia, myeloid, acute; Leukemia, lymphocytic, acute; Precursor cell lymphoblastic leukemia-lymphoma; Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
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