Autologous blood transfusion: The benefits to the patient undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Abstract

The clinical benefits of using intraoperative autologous blood transfusion during abdominal aortic aneurysm bypass surgery become increasingly apparent when use of autologous and homologous blood transfusions is compared. That homologous blood transfusions carry some risk is widely recognized. When autologous blood is used as a sole source of blood transfusion, the risk of transmission of infectious agents and potential immunologic side effects are avoided. A prospective randomized pilot study comparing autologous and homologous blood transfusion in patients undergoing elective infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm bypass surgery was undertaken. The purpose of this study was to determine whether autologous blood salvaged intraoperatively may serve as an alternative to homologous blood by comparing the rate of postoperative infection and duration of hospital stay for patients receiving autologous versus homologous blood transfusions. Fifty patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm bypass surgery were prospectively randomly assigned to receive either a homologous or an autologous blood transfusion, with 27 receiving a homologous blood transfusion and 23 receiving an autologous blood transfusion. The data from this study show that the length of hospital stay of patients receiving an autologous blood transfusion intraoperatively was reduced by a mean of 3 days and the risk of postoperative complications, such as a systemic inflammatory response or sepsis, was reduced by more than 50%.