Abstract
Pneumothorax with a persistent air leak that does not resolve under prolonged tube thoracostomy suction is usually treated surgically. However, patients with severe pulmonary diseases such as progressive pulmonary fibrosis and chronic pulmonary emphysema are not good candidates for surgical treatment. Chemical pleurodesis with tetracycline has been reported and accepted as a treatment for recurrent pneumothorax (1–5). However, it is ineffective when the lungs of the patients are deflated. Moreover, chemical pleurodesis with tetracycline has been reported to induce inflammation and symphysis between the visceral and parietal pleura. As an alternative method for pleurodesis, autologous blood injection into the pleural space has been reported for the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax (6,7). These reports described a successful treatment with autologous blood injection for pneumothorax patients with or without residual pleural space. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of autologous blood-patch pleurodesis for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax with a persistent air leak, including pneumothorax patients whose lungs were not inflated before the injection of blood.
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