Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) transplant has been reported to be a potential treatment for burn wounds. However, the effects of autogenicity and allogenicity of ADSCs on burn wound healing have not been investigated and the method for using ADSCs still needs to be established. This study compared the healing effects of autologous and allogenic ADSCs and determined an optimal method of using ADSCs to treat acute burn wounds. Experiments were performed in 20 male Wistar rats (weight, 176–250 g; age, 6–7 weeks). Two identical full-thickness burn wounds (radius, 4 mm) were created in each rat. ADSCs harvested from inguinal area and characterized by their high multipotency were injected into burn wounds in the original donor rats (autologous ADSCs group) or in other rats (allogenic ADSCs group). The injection site was either the wound center or the four corners 0.5 cm from the wound edge. The reduction of burn surface areas in the two experimental groups and in control group were evaluated with Image J software for 15 days post-wounding to determine the wound healing rates. Wound healing was significantly faster in the autologous ADSCs group compared to both the allogenic ADSCs group (p<0.05) and control group (p<0.05). Wound healing in the allogenic ADSC group did not significantly differ from that in control group. Notably, ADSC injections 0.5cm from the wound edge showed significantly improved healing compared to ADSCs injections in the wound center (p<0.05). This study demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of ADSCs in treating acute burn wounds in rats. However, only autologous ADSCs improved healing in acute burn wounds; allogenic ADSCs did not. This study further determined a superior location of using ADSCs injections to treat burn wounds including the injection site. Future studies will replicate the experiment in a larger and long-term scale burn wounds in higher mammalian models to facilitate ADSCs therapy in burn wound clinical practice.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization, burns cause an estimated 265,000 deaths worldwide each year, and non-fatal burn injury is the leading cause of morbidity [1,2]
The present study shown that 5 x106 cells was a sufficient quantity for Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) therapy in acute burn wounds with 4mm radius and the injection to the 0.5cm from the edge was more appropriate than the center of the wound
Quantitative analysis in this study demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of using ADSCs isolated from the rat inguinal area to treat acute burn wounds
Summary
According to the World Health Organization, burns cause an estimated 265,000 deaths worldwide each year, and non-fatal burn injury is the leading cause of morbidity [1,2]. Effective wound management is a major goal of burn therapy because it is an important determinant in the survival and prognosis of patients with severe burns [3,4]. Improved techniques for timely and permanent closure of full-thickness burn wounds are urgently needed. Available grafting techniques, including split-thickness grafts (STSG) and fullthickness grafts (FTSG), are well developed and are effective for improving appearance and function. The effectiveness of both methods are limited by the availability of donor skin in specific sites, in patients with large total body surface area (TBSA) burns. In 2007, our team further introduced the “right shift flypaper technique,” which reduces the distance between skin islands, reduces the time of wound healing, and improves the uniformity and regularity of epithelium growth [8]. More beneficial approaches to manage burn wound are needed to develop the therapy and adjuvant treatments
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