Autogenic mesenchymal stem cells for intervertebral disc regeneration.

Abstract

A systematic review of the literature was conducted to clarify the outcomes of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) injections for the regeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD). The following databases were accessed: PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase and Google Scholar bibliographic databases. Articles including previous or planned surgical interventions were excluded. Only articles reporting percutaneous autologous MSC injection to regenerate IVD in humanswere included. We referred to the Coleman MethodologyScore for the methodological quality assessment. The statistical analysis was performed using Review ManagerSoftware 5.3. Afterthe databases search and cross-references of the bibliographies, seven studies were included in the present work. The funnel plot detected low risk of publication bias. The Coleman Methodology Score reported a good result, scoring 61.07 points. A totalof 98 patients were enrolled, with 122 treated levels. All the patients underwent conservative therapies prior to injection. A remarkable improvement in the quality of life were reported afterthe treatment. The average Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) improved from "severe disability" to "minimal disability" at oneyear follow-up. The visual analogue scale (VAS) showed an improvement of ca. 30% at oneyear follow-up. Only one case of herniated nucleus pulposus was reported. No other adverse events at the aspiration or injection site were observed. This systematic review of the literature proved MSC injection to be a safe and feasible option for intervertebral disc regeneration in the early-degeneration stage patients. Irrespective of the source of the MSCs, an overall clinical and radiological improvement of the patients has been evidenced, as indeed a very low complication rate during the follow-up.