Abstract
In the frame of this paper, the enzyme-assisted hydrolysis coupled with ultrasound and Soxhlet extraction was applied in order to get extracts of chamomile ligulate flowers (CLF). Obtained extracts were characterized in terms to their apigenin and apigenin glucoside composition, as well as antiproliferative potential against tumour cells. Antioxidant activity was determined by two different assays based on different mechanisms showing that autofermented extracts have higher reduction potential. Autofermented extracts prepared by ultrasound and Soxhlet extraction had a stronger impact on the treated carcinoma (HeLa and NCI-H358) and leukemia (K562) cells' growth reduction in comparison to the native extracts, 30-35% greater inhibition at the lowest concentration (0.01 mg/mL), in two observed time points (48 and 72 h). Leukemia cells are more sensitive to all tested extracts. The autofermented CLF extracts with highest antiproliferative efficacy induced morphological changes and apoptosis in the HeLa cells. Obtained results clearly showed that the combination of enzymatic hydrolysis with cavitation phenomenon results in extracts with higher apigenin content and increased biological potential.
Highlights
It is well known that some natural plant compounds exhibit positive impact on human health demonstrating additive or synergistic diseases-fighting activities.[1]
In order to define extraction method that would provide the highest yield of apigenin, both, native and autofermented chamomile ligulate flowers, were extracted by applying ultrasound-assisted and Soxhlet extractions
Extracts made by autofermented chamomile had significantly stronger impact on the treated tumour cells’ growth reduction in comparison to the native chamomile ligulate flowers (CLF) extracts
Summary
It is well known that some natural plant compounds exhibit positive impact on human health demonstrating additive or synergistic diseases-fighting activities.[1]. Different studies have shown that apigenin demonstrates broad spectrum of beneficial effects being considered as a molecule with promising pharmacological and biological characteristics. Studies have shown that apigenin is a potent antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial and chemo preventive agent.[4,5,6,7] In the structure of this compound three hydroxyl groups together with double bonds at C2 and C3 are present. Such chemical structure provides that apigenin can acts as a phytoestrogen. The bio-potentials of native (N-CLF) and autofermented (A-CLF) extracts were compared, including evaluation of apoptosis and morphological changes which had been influenced by extracts
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