Abstract
The increasing size and complexity of cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) lead to an increasing number of faults, such as broken components or interrupted connections. Nowadays, faults are handled manually, which is time-consuming because for most operators mapping from symptoms (i.e., warnings) to repair instructions is rather difficult. To enable CPPS to adapt to faults autonomously, reconfiguration, i.e., the identification of a new configuration that allows either reestablishing production or a safe shutdown, is necessary. This article addresses the reconfiguration problem of CPPS and presents a novel algorithm called <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AutoConf</i> . <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AutoConf</i> operates on a hybrid automaton that models the CPPS and a specification of the controller to construct a QSM. This QSM is based on propositional logic and represents the CPPS in the reconfiguration context. Evaluations on an industrial use case and simulations from process engineering illustrate the effectiveness and examine the scalability of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AutoConf</i> .
Highlights
Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) are systems consisting of collaborating computational units, that are strongly interconnected with physical components, such as actuators and sensors, collecting and processing data [1]
The contribution of this paper is threefold: Firstly, we present a novel approach enabling automatic reconfiguration, which is especially important for frequently changing systems, such as CPPS; otherwise, reconfiguration would need to be implemented for each new system layout manually
SOLUTION APPROACH The solution approach AutoConf consists of two steps: First (Section IV-A), a qualitative system model (QSM) in propositional logic representing the CPPS in the context of reconfiguration is created
Summary
Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) are systems consisting of collaborating computational units, that are strongly interconnected with physical components, such as actuators and sensors, collecting and processing data [1]. A model of CPPS in the context of reconfiguration needs to (R1.1) model the current system behavior and the possibilities of the CPPS to adapt to a fault including the effects of the adaptation using available system information, (R1.2) allow for an integration of the capabilities of the controller such that a state allowing for reaching the goal can be identified, (R1.3) contain an estimation of how the CPPS evolves, and (R1.4) be based on a formalism that allows for using known solution algorithms. An algorithm solving the reconfiguration problem of CPPS should (R3.1) take restrictions on the solution space coming from the CPPS into account since enumerating all possibilities to adapt to a fault is not possible due to combinatorial explosion [5], (R3.2) be compatible with static models containing qualitative system information, i.e. information about causal dependencies in the system, and a binary validity of configurations [6], and (R3.3) enable a direct integration of expert knowledge and intuitive modeling. The article ends with a conclusion and an outlook on future work
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