Abstract
A future smart car will be more than a means of transportation, as it will not only move people to a destination without requiring them to drive but will enable people to work or enjoy a trip with entertainment. For this, smart vehicles need to deal with various types of data for safety and infotainment, such as real-time traffic, multi-media contents, documents and weather information. Recently, a fleet of vehicles connected to other vehicles and infrastructure (i.e., road side units) using a legacy or 5G mmWave spectrum has been considered as a platform to cooperate for those new tasks, known as the vehicular cloud or fog. Within the vehicular cloud, data management should consider security, high availability and interoperability between vehicles. However, these are not easily achievable without a centralized service provider; it is difficult for an autonomous P2P system to guarantee data integrity, and it cannot compensate drivers that actively participate in the vehicular cloud. Fortunately, the many successes achieved in the field of crypto-currency raise the possibility of defining incentives that are necessary for a sustainable digital economy. In this paper, we propose autoCoin—an approach that aims to encourage smart vehicles to cooperate to create and exchange infotainment data securely under the assumption of rationality. We introduce a scalable blockchain architecture for autoCoin and a smart contract to exchange contents without third-parties using an off-chain technique.
Highlights
The vehicular cloud consists of vehicles and roadside units (RSUs), which are inter-connected by vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) connections with the RSU (e.g., LTE or 5G base stations) or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) connections using dedicated short range communication (DSRC), Wi-Fi or mmWave-based device-to-device (D2D) connections in licensed bands [1]
Since the micro-blockchain for autoCoin is created over the vehicular cloud spatially and temporally, block data are loaded or flushed at each vehicle according to a join or leave operation
We introduce an architecture of a vehicular blockchain which provides security and integrity for vehicular sensor data over distributed vehicles and road-side units
Summary
Introducing a centralized service model can mitigate the security threats, but the increased communication costs are not trivial In such a trust-less environment, a blockchain system, which is widely used for cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin [2] and Ethereum [3], provides many useful traits such as non-repudiation, non-alterable storage and incentives defined in a pure digital economy. In the content market place, each vehicle maintains content data securely with its local storage and shares the data for an incentive, which promotes trust in the contents. This incentive system prevents misbehavior, as this leads to reduced chances of earning an incentive from the cooperation, and encourages users to provide content actively.
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