Autoclaved aerated concrete waste (AACW): An alternative filler material for the natural rubber industry

Abstract

Material waste from the production of autoclaved aerated concrete, a porous material, should be considered as a valuable byproduct for use as a filler material for the rubber industry. Natural rubber (NR) composites filled with different loading (over the range of 0–60 phr) of autoclaved aerated concrete waste (AACW) as a new eco-friendly material were produced using two roll mills and then were studied for their cure characteristics, mechanical and aging properties, and morphology, and also compared with commercial fillers, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and silica (SiO2). In most cases, the cure characteristics and mechanical and aging properties of the SiO2-filled NR composites were significantly better than those of the AACW- and CaCO3-filled NR composites. However, these properties for AACW-filled composites appeared to be higher than CaCO3-filled composites. The reason for this could be due to a larger surface area which is both porous and of an irregular shape of the AACW filler used. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the morphology of the rubber filled with SiO2 was finer and more homogenous compared with the rubber filled with AACW or CaCO3. Overall results revealed that the reinforcement ability of AACW-filled NR composites was generally better when compared with CaCO3-filled NR composites; therefore, AACW can be used effectively as a cheaper filler for production of rubber products where end-use properties of a rubber product is specifically required. POLYM. COMPOS., 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers