Autochtonous Strain Enterococcus faecium EF2019(CCM7420), Its Bacteriocin and Their Beneficial Effects in Broiler Rabbits-A Review.

Abstract

Simple SummaryWeaning is the most important and critical period in rabbits breeding; the cecal digestion is very complex and only small dietary and/or environmental changes can disturb the stable microbial population/fermentation and gut health, leading to digestive dysbiosis and increased morbidity, often with fatal outcome and big economic losses. Control of the microbiota, prevention of digestive disturbances and improving gut health and immunity can be achieved through the natural substances application in rabbit nutrition. While probiotics are frequently used in rabbit farms, the in vivo administration of bacteriocins (antimicrobial substances produced by bacteria, which usually also possess probiotic properties) in these animals is often limited and has become an area of research activity. Moreover, the most of probiotic strains used in rabbits are non-autochthonous (have a different origin than the rabbits ecosystem). Therefore, our study focused on improving rabbits’ health using the autochthonous strain Enterococcus faecium EF2019 (CCM7420) and its enterocin (Ent7420) in broiler rabbits. The antibacterial and anticoccidial effect of additives was observed, with good colonization ability of the CCM7420 strain. Both additives showed a tendency to modulate the serum biochemistry parameters and to improve the immunity, jejunal morphology, weight gains, feed conversion ratio and meat quality (physicochemical traits and mineral content).The present review evaluates and compares the effects achieved after application of rabbit-derived bacteriocin-producing strain Enterococcus faecium CCM7420 with probiotic properties and its bacteriocin Ent7420. The experiments included varying duration of application (14 and 21 days), form of application (fresh culture and lyophilized form), combination with herbal extract and application of the partially purified enterocin—Ent7420, produced by this strain. Results from these studies showed that E. faecium CCM7420 strain was able to colonize the gastrointestinal tract (caecum) of rabbits (in the range < 1.0–6.7 log cycle, respectively 3.66 log cycle on average), to change the composition of intestinal microbiota (increased lactic acid bacteria, reduced counts of coliforms, clostridia and staphylococci), to modulate the immunity (significant increase of phagocytic activity), morphometry (enlargement absorption surface in jejunum, higher villi height:crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio), physiological (serum biochemistry; altered total proteins, glucose and triglycerides levels) and parasitological (Eimeria sp. oocysts) parameters and to improve weight gains (in the range 4.8–22.0%, respectively 11.2% on average), feed conversion ratio and meat quality (physicochemical traits and mineral content).