Abstract

We investigated the prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibody (GADA), insulinoma-associated protein 2 autoantibody (IA2A), and insulin autoantibody (IAA) in 750 children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) living in Taiwan. GADA, IA2A, and IAA were measured by radioimmunoassay. The data were assessed by χ2 test, binary logistic regression, and Spearman rank correlation. Of the 750 T1D patients, 66.3% had GADA, 65.3% IA2A, 35.7% IAA, and 17.2% no autoantibodies. The prevalence of GADA and IA2A significantly decreased along T1D duration. The positivity of either GADA or IA2A was 89.4% within the first year of disease and decreased to 36.7% after 9 years (P = 1.22 × 10–20). Female patients had significantly higher prevalence of GADA compared with male patients (72.3% vs. 59.7%, P = 0.00027). The patients diagnosed before 12 years of age had a positive rate of 92.2% for either GADA or IA2A. Patients diagnosed at age 12 or above had a significantly lower positive rate of 81.6% (P = 0.011). GADA and IA2A significantly correlated with each other (rs = 0.245, P = 1.09 × 10–11). We concluded that autoantibodies were detectable in 89.4% of T1D patients within one year after diagnosis. Their prevalence declined with disease duration. GADA was more prevalent in female patients. GADA and IA2A weakly correlated with each other.

Highlights

  • Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with hyperglycemia resulting from insulin deficiency, impaired insulin action, or both [1]

  • We investigated the prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibody (GADA), insulinoma-associated protein 2 autoantibody (IA2A), and insulin autoantibody (IAA) in 750 children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) living in Taiwan

  • The prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA), IA2A, and either GADA or IA2A significantly decreased along Type 1 diabetes (T1D) duration (Table 3)

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with hyperglycemia resulting from insulin deficiency, impaired insulin action, or both [1]. Islet autoantibodies are recognized and becoming increasingly important in differentiating various types of diabetes [8]. Among these autoantibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibody (GADA), insulinoma-associated protein 2 autoantibody (IA2A), and insulin autoantibody (IAA) are commonly tested. Several studies about the above-mentioned autoantibodies in Asians have been reported, they were of small numbers of subjects [9, 10] except for only a few with case numbers up to 600 [11,12,13] The aim of this multicenter study was to determine the prevalence of GADA, IA2A, and IAA in a large cohort of T1D children of Han Chinese ethnicity

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