Auto-correlation functions of Sato–Tate distributions and identities of symplectic characters

Abstract

The Sato–Tate distributions for genus 2 curves (conjecturally) describe the statistics of numbers of rational points on the curves. In this paper, we explicitly compute the auto-correlation functions of Sato–Tate distributions for genus 2 curves as sums of irreducible characters of symplectic groups. Our computations bring about families of identities involving irreducible characters of symplectic groups Sp(2m) for all m∈Z≥1, which have interest in their own rights.