Autism Spectrum Disorders: Knowledge and Attitudes of Primary Care Givers

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are debilitating lifelong neurodevelopmental disorders which have no cure but can be managed if timeously identified and effectively managed. Internationally prevalence is increasing and little is known about ASDs in Africa, although it is suspected the trends are following the international pattern of high prevalence. Various factors that affect the effective management of ASDs have been identified in previous research. These include low knowledge and negative attitudes towards the disorders in primary caregivers. Given that previous research places primary caregivers as key players in the successful management of ASDs and that there is a dearth of research on ASDs in Africa, this current research aimed to establish levels of knowledge of ASDs in primary caregivers in Zimbabwe as well as their attitudes towards ASDs and its treatments using a descriptive ex facto quantitative research design. A general lack of knowledge on ASDs and the legal provisions available for the protection of rights for individuals with ASDs was found in the sample as well as the presence of mixed attitudes towards ASDs and its treatments. Negative attitudes towards mainstream treatment of ASDs as well as negative attitudes towards diagnosis of the disorder itself were more prevalent than positive attitudes. It was recommended that there is need for more awareness campaigns and research on ASDs and a multi-sectoral approach to the management of ASDs.