Abstract
Autism Spectrum Conditions (including Autism Spectrum Disorder/ASD, Asperger's Syndrome/AS, and pervasive developmental disorder/PDD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by clinical impairments in social interaction and communication, and stereotypical and repetitive patterns of behavior (DSM-IV-TR, 2000; ICD-10, 1993). Since the term first gained currency through the pioneering work of Kanner in 1943 who described 11 cases of “autistic disturbance of affective contact and… desire for preservation of sameness”, it has subsequently been incorporated into DSM in 1999 and has been further re-defined in DSM-V to now describe one category of disorder (Autism Spectrum Disorder) with two dimensions: social communication impairment and repetitive behavior [see Kent et al. (2013), for commentary]. This paper considers the literature concerning one of the least studied aspects of ASD: chemosensory perception, and evaluates critically some of the current methods and practices in this area. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of this field.
Highlights
Autism Spectrum Conditions are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by clinical impairments in social interaction and communication, and stereotypical and repetitive patterns of behavior (DSM-IV-TR, 2000; ICD-10, 1993)
While the focus of behavioral work has been cognitive and perceptual, auditory and visual, it is striking that few studies have examined sensory processes such as gustation and olfaction (Martin, 2013)
University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) impairments in men with ASD and AS compared to controls have been reported (Suzuki et al, 2003), as have Sniffin Sticks and UPSIT impairments in HFA children and adolescents, and in HFA and AS children/adolescents compared with controls, but no differences between HFA and AS groups (Bennetto et al, 2007; and May et al, respectively)
Summary
Autism Spectrum Conditions (including Autism Spectrum Disorder/ASD, Asperger’s Syndrome/AS, and pervasive developmental disorder/PDD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by clinical impairments in social interaction and communication, and stereotypical and repetitive patterns of behavior (DSM-IV-TR, 2000; ICD-10, 1993).
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