Autism and sleep across development: Advancing research and treatment through co-production

Abstract

Sleep difficulties are highly prevalent in autistic individuals throughout their lifespan and are a substantial concern for these individuals, as well as parents/caregivers. These difficulties have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the long-term effects are unclear and should be monitored. Despite considerable progress, sleep disorders continue to be underdiagnosed and left untreated in autistic youth. The sleep issues faced by autistic youth often differ from those experienced by neurotypical groups in presentation and treatment approaches, underscoring the urgent need for autism-specific validated diagnostic pathways as well as personalized treatments tailored to their age group. A step towards progress entails incorporating sleep screenings as a routine part of healthcare for autistic individuals at various developmental stages as sleep issues during childhood may differ from those in adolescence and adulthood. Future research in this area should aim to engage in community-based research partnerships with autistic individuals and parent-caregivers to maximize the benefits of future research for the community. A collaborative effort is necessary to address their distinct sleep hygiene practices and unique needs, which appear to differ from the general population. Through this co-produced commentary, we aim to contribute to the ongoing dialogue surrounding sleep difficulties in autistic youth, fostering a collaborative approach to improve understanding of these disturbances, their diagnosis, and how tailored treatments may be available. Lay Abstract Autistic individuals often face sleep difficulties that persist across their lives, causing concern for those experiencing them and their families/caregivers. The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened these challenges, with unclear long-term effects. Despite progress, sleep disorders in autistic youth are still underdiagnosed and untreated. Their sleep problems may differ from neurotypical peers, emphasizing the need for tailored solutions. Regular sleep screenings and collaborative research partnerships are essential steps in understanding and addressing their unique sleep needs.