Authors’ response: multitudes of perspectives: integrating the Selfish Goal model with views on scientific metaphors, goal systems, and society.

Abstract

In our response, we address commentators’ feedback regarding the contributions and limitations of the Selfish Goal model. We first clarify potential misunderstandings regarding the model’s contributions and the role of consciousness. Second, we situate evaluations of the selfish metaphor within the similarities and differences inherent to the goal-gene comparison. We then respond to commentators’ insights regarding future directions and implications of our model, particularly with respect to the broader organizational systems in which goals may operate. Finally, we reiterate important considerations for goal research moving forward.