Abstract
This paper draws attention to the great disparity between two logics for land use in tropical Africa: one, which constitutes the basic structure of production systems, operates within rural societies; the other, which is that of people connected with towns and the state system, claims to be on the side of modernity. Particularly since the last war, the two logics have come up against each other in a long series of agricultural planning operations under different climates. The paper shows that, behind the problems and failures, the strategies of rural actors are both defensive (through their rejection of what may jeopardise social identity and free decision-making) and offensive (diverting modern methods from the objectives officially advertised). In front of this, the obduracy of planners proves to be to a large extent unrealistic.
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