Authoring training scenarios “from within” in an immersive environment with the CESTATE framework

Abstract

ABSTRACT Virtual reality (VR) can be used to train for complex, dynamic and dangerous situations, such as disaster response. The aim of this research is to support trainers with an immersive authoring tool that facilitates the implementation of training environments, enabling both the design and execution of complex and dynamic exercises. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify VR-based authoring tools. Each environment was assessed based on variability, reusability and design assistance, with each criterion graded on a 3-point scale. Following a model-driven approach, the work presented in this article introduces the CESTATE (Cascading Effect Simulation To Authoring Training Environments) framework. It uses a metamodel to design training exercises, thus ensuring their reusability. Inheriting from the Physics of Decisions paradigm, this metamodel can be used to describe all types of potentialities and cascading effects. This ensures the dynamic, and therefore, the plausibility of the virtual training environment. In addition, this framework supports the design of immersive training environments, at both design and run time. It is a generic approach. Its applicability is demonstrated in several iterations of a case study involving the training of practitioners on a complex and realistic crisis situation: a fire in a cathedral.