Abstract
When faced with a diagnosis of putatively localized kidney cancer, patients and their physicians alike want to be able to understand both their risk of recurrence and their cancer-specific survival. Many preoperative nomograms, and other risk calculators, designed to answer precisely such questions, have focused on predominantly tumor-specific factors, such as tumor size, presence of presumed malignant lymphadenopathy, and specific radiographic features such as necrosis. Postoperative risk calculators also focus on a similar set of tumor-specific factors, and surgical pathology factors, in addition to variables subject to potential ascertainment bias such as performance status, and constitutional symptoms. These long-standing tools are certainly valuable.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
