Abstract
The relationship between leadership and job satisfaction has attracted considerable scientific interest, especially in relation to the quality of tourism businesses. This study investigated this relationship within the framework of authentic leadership. The study also explored differences between outsourced workers and internal hotel employees in terms of the influence of authentic leadership on job satisfaction. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) offered valuable new insight. This study was based on a sample of 58 heads of department of four/five star hotels in the Canary Islands, Spain. The results suggest that high levels of leadership in the four subscales of authentic leadership (balanced processing, relational transparency, self-awareness, and internalized moral perspective) are sufficient to increase job satisfaction. The same outcome is achieved with high levels of balanced processing, even though it is accompanied by low transparency and low levels of internalized moral perspective. There are no major differences between outsourced workers and internal employees, except in terms of the importance of self-awareness. These results can help hotel managers reflect upon leadership and can provide new approaches for scientific research in this area.
Highlights
The social, political, and economic transformations derived from globalization have changed the tourism sector, causing significant growth and increasing the role of management in market development [1]
The results suggest that high levels of leadership in the four subscales of authentic leadership are sufficient to increase job satisfaction
The same outcome is achieved with high levels of balanced processing, even though it is accompanied by low transparency and low levels of internalized moral perspective
Summary
The social, political, and economic transformations derived from globalization have changed the tourism sector, causing significant growth and increasing the role of management in market development [1]. Walumbwa et al [7] created the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ), which measures balanced processing (requesting points of view before making decisions), self-awareness (level of awareness that the leader has of himself or herself), internalized moral perspective (basing behavior on moral and ethical standards), and relational transparency (the degree to which the leader shows herself or himself as is). This novel approach to leadership has generated interest from the scientific community because of its positive influence in the organizational context [8,9,10]. Authentic leadership has numerous commonalities and differences with other approaches such as transactional, charismatic, ethical, and transformational leadership
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