Abstract
From 1 January to 31 December 2019, 39 institutions around Australia participated in the Australian Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis Outcome Programme (ASSOP). The aim of ASSOP 2019 was to determine the proportion of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) isolates in Australia that are antimicrobial resistant, with particular emphasis on susceptibility to methicillin and on characterising the molecular epidemiology of the methicillin-resistant isolates. A total of 3,157 S. aureus bacteraemia episodes were reported, of which 79.8% were community-onset. 18.5% of S. aureus were methicillin resistant. The 30-day all-cause mortality associated with methicillin-resistant SAB was 14.0%, which was not significantly different from the 14.3% mortality associated with methicillin-susceptible SAB (p = 0.9). With the exception of the β-lactams and erythromycin, antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus was rare. However, in addition to the β-lactams, approximately 36% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 34% to erythromycin, 13% to tetracycline, 9% to gentamicin and 4% to co-trimoxazole. When applying the EUCAST breakpoints, teicoplanin resistance was detected in two S. aureus isolates. Resistance was not detected for vancomycin and linezolid. Resistance to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials was largely attributable to two healthcare-associated MRSA clones: ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15) and ST239-III [3A] (Aus-2/3 EMRSA). ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15) is the predominant healthcare-associated clone in Australia. Eighty percent of methicillin-resistant SAB, however, were due to community-associated clones. Although polyclonal, approximately 71.4% of community-associated clones were variously characterised as ST93-IV [2B] (Queensland CA-MRSA), ST5-IV [2B], ST45-VT [5C2&5], ST1-IV [2B], ST30-IV [2B], ST78-IV [2B] and ST8-IV [2B]. Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), in particular the ST45-VT [5C2&5] clone, have acquired multiple antimicrobial resistance determinants including ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin and tetracycline. The multiresistant ST45-VT [5C2&5] clone accounted for 12.7% of CA-MRSA. As CA-MRSA is well established in the Australian community, it is important that antimicrobial resistance patterns in community- and healthcare-associated SAB are monitored, as this information will guide therapeutic practices in treating S. aureus sepsis.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
