Australian Athletes' Knowledge Of The Wada Anti-Doping Policy

Abstract

Despite the implementation of the World Anti-Doping Code in 2004 and athlete education programs, some athletes continue to engage in doping behaviour. Their knowledge of prohibited substances is unknown. PURPOSE: To examine Australian athletes' knowledge of prohibited substances, and recreational, nutritional and therapeutic substances with respect to the WADA anti-doping policy and testing procedures. METHODS: A mostly close-ended questionnaire (91%, yes/no/not sure and Likert-type scale rating questions) was implemented. A list of 30 items comprising prohibited, recreational, nutritional and therapeutic substances and methods were required to be identified as banned in- and/or out-of-competition. Other questions probed knowledge of side effects of performance enhancing substances and aspects of the Code including penalties for doping violations. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-four participants (23±5 yrs, 55% male) completed the questionnaire with 26% competing at National or International level, 45% early career sportspersons and 56% competing in team sports. Although athletes were most knowledgeable about Anabolic Steroids, Growth Hormone, Erythropoietin, Caffeine and Blood Doping, only 54-67% could correctly identify their status in- and out-of-competition. Whilst more than 80% could identify that the recreational substances Amphetamines, Cocaine, Ecstasy, Heroin and Marijuana were banned in competition, only 21-27% responded correctly for both in- and out-of-competition. Poor awareness was displayed for prohibited therapeutic medications such as Diuretics, Opioids, Beta Blockers, Beta 2 Agonists (Asthma Puffers) and Insulin. Asthma is a prevalent condition and Beta 2 Agonists are widely used, yet only 5% responded correctly. Thirty-one percent believed that banned substances could be taken if prescribed by a doctor and 59% accepted that all substances on the Prohibited List were performance enhancing. Only 30% knew the penalty for doping violations in their sport, however, 49% of these respondents gave non-specific answers such as fines, banned, suspension. CONCLUSION: Athlete knowledge of anti-doping policy is limited. Future drug education strategies may need to be more specifically targeted. Supported by Department Health and Ageing Anti-Doping Research Program Grant