Abstract
Abstract Detonations at the depth of the sound channel axis off Perth, Australia were recorded on Bermuda hydrophones at a 178°.2 range (180° is antipodal). The analysis by Shockley et al. of this 1960 transmission experiment allows for the geographic variation in the sound speed profile along the great circle path. The agreement between measured and computed travel times is within 10 s. We have modified the Shockley et al. analysis by allowing for Earth flattening and lateral refraction. The appropriate path on an ellipsoidal Earth is the geodesic, and this differs significantly from the put circle for nearly antipodal ranges. The southernmost point of the geodesic is at 52°1 S as compared to 47°.3 S for the great circle, and the geodesic travel time lags the great circle travel time by an unacceptable 34 s on account of the cold, slow waters at high southern latitudes. The effect of lateral refraction is in the opposite sense: the appropriate refracted ray path is northward of the great circle; in fact ...
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