Abstract

Many air medical transport programs use pulse oximeters, end-tidal carbon dioxide monitors and other devices as indirect measures of respiratory and cardiac status. Thus, these methods do not replace cardiac auscultation during flight, which may be needed to identify sudden critical change. And the ability to compare left-sided and right-sided breath sounds may be essential to confirm the appropriate placement of endotracheal tubes as well as to diagnose pneumothorax. The ability for auscultation during air medical transport is compromised by high ambient noise levels. The aim of this study was to assess the capabilities of a traditional and an amplified stethoscope (which is expected to reduce background and ambient noise) to assess heart and breath sounds during medical transport in a FALCON 50 plane.

Highlights

  • We previously showed that erythropoietin (EPO) attenuates the morphological signs of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in swine [1] without, improving neurological function

  • The clinical use of EPO has been cautioned most recently due to serious safety concerns arising from an increased mortality in acute stroke patients treated with EPO and simultaneously receiving systemic thrombolysis [2]

  • We tested the hypothesis whether Carbamylated EPO (cEPO) may be efficient as EPO in reducing morphological as well as functional aortic occlusion-induced spinal cord I/R injury

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Summary

Introduction

We previously showed that erythropoietin (EPO) attenuates the morphological signs of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in swine [1] without, improving neurological function. Methods We studied 90 patients affected by severe sepsis or septic shock previously enrolled in a prospective trial regarding the impact of glycemic control on inflammation and coagulation. In a retrospective analysis of the data from the SBITS-trial [1] we investigated whether the initial level of serum IgG on admission to the hospital in patients with sepsis and septic shock (before the first administration of the first dose of intravenous immunoglobulins) could be seen as a prognostic parameter for the primary outcome, lethality on day 28, or the secondary endpoints, lethality on day 7 or on the ICU. The aim of this analysis was to assess the impact of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on glucose variability in critically ill patients receiving intensive insulin therapy (IIT) Methods This is the post hoc analysis of a prospective, randomized, controlled trial [2]. Respecting anonymity we have statistically evaluated 103 replies (response rate was 13.8%) and compared with data from other European countries

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