Abstract
The behavior of the auroral electro jet index, AE, is studied in relation to the magnetic storm sudden commencement (ssc), the ring current main phase, and energetic solar protons. When energetic protons are not present near the earth, AE shows a relatively weak relation to ssc, but is strongly related to storm main phase, preceding the ring current onset by one or two hours. Such a time relation is not consistent with models that picture outer-zone trapped particles as the source for auroral substorms. When energetic proton events are already in progress at the time of an ssc, AE shows a sharp rise at the hour of ssc. This last relationship is interpreted in terms of the trapping of an intense flux of low-energy protons in the sudden commencement shock front. Such fluxes, unobserved by present detectors, are discussed in relation to polar-glow auroras.
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