Augmenting the Reality of Phantom Limbs: Three Case Studies Using an Augmented Mirror Box Procedure

Abstract

In Brief Phantom sensation and phantom pain are common after limb amputation. Previous research documents increased motor control of phantom limbs and alleviation of phantom limb pain through exposure to the “mirror box illusion.” This approach centers on the potential for vision and sensorimotor interactions to alter phantom limb perception. The applicability and flexibility of this intervention is limited by methodological constraints inherent in the use of conventional mirrors. This article reports the application of an “augmented reality” intervention that seeks to overcome these constraints. Three case studies are presented, and it is argued that augmented reality technology offers a promising new approach to the investigation of phantom experience and potentially to the treatment of phantom pain. To aid in the treatment of phantom pain and phantom sensation, the therapeutic value of visual feedback from an “augmented” mirror box is discussed and three case studies are presented.