Augmenting healthy brain magnetic resonance images using generative adversarial networks.

Abstract

Machine learning applications in the medical sector face a lack of medical data due to privacy issues. For instance, brain tumor image-based classification suffers from the lack of brain images. The lack of such images produces some classification problems, i.e., class imbalance issues which can cause a bias toward one class over the others. This study aims to solve the imbalance problem of the "no tumor" class in the publicly available brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset. Generative adversarial network (GAN)-based augmentation techniques were used to solve the imbalance classification problem. Specifically, deep convolutional GAN (DCGAN) and single GAN (SinGAN). Moreover, the traditional-based augmentation techniques were implemented using the rotation method. Thus, several VGG16 classification experiments were conducted, including (i) the original dataset, (ii) the DCGAN-based dataset, (iii) the SinGAN-based dataset, (iv) a combination of the DCGAN and SinGAN dataset, and (v) the rotation-based dataset. However, the results show that the original dataset achieved the highest accuracy, 73%. Additionally, SinGAN outperformed DCGAN by a significant margin of 4%. In contrast, experimenting with the non-augmented original dataset resulted in the highest classification loss value, which explains the effect of the imbalance issue. These results provide a general view of the effect of different image augmentation techniques on enlarging the healthy brain dataset.