Augmented Reality-based Learning using iPads for Children with Autism

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic outbreak forced early childhood programs to make a sudden switch to remote learning in response to the crisis. While technologies can facilitate seamless migration of face-to-face learning to a virtual platform, these rapid advancements are merely tailored for typical children, causing children with special needs, including children with autism, to be left behind. To date, the prevalence of children across the globe diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been increasing. ASD refers to complex neurodevelopment disorders characterized by intellectual disability, language impairment, characteristic and repetitive behaviours, and difficulties with interaction and social communication. Some children with ASD are capable perform all learning activities, but most of them require substantial support to perform basic learning activities. Previous studies found that children with ASD have difficulty understanding spoken language, but they have a strong interest in visual objects. Most of their learning occurs through watching since a visual process produced better recall than auditory learning. In other words, the visual channel could be the best way to develop their cognitive abilities and enhance their spoken language capabilities. Augmented reality (AR) is a technology in which audio, visual, and text are superimposed on the real world using mobile devices. AR is a promising technology that could help children with ASD better understand the world around them, bridging digital and physical worlds. Hence, the purpose of this study was to design, develop, and evaluate an immersive learning environment using AR for children with ASD. This study applied the design and development research approach that involved analysis, design and development, implementation and evaluation. The AR involved aspects, such as attention and positive emotions, social interaction, facial expressions, nonverbal social cues, and vocabulary that are crucial in the design and development of learning for children with ASD.