Abstract
Augmented Reality (AR) has in the past decade shown great potential in manufacturing, specifically AR guided assembly. This is the use of AR to provide product assembly instructions to factory workers. AR guided assembly has shown to outperform conventional (paper based) and virtual based methods of instruction delivery in terms of accuracy and time. However, authoring the AR content displayed to the worker is difficult and time consuming. The main challenge for an AR authoring tool is to allow the author the ability to register the content intuitively without having to understand complicated AR concepts. Many authoring tools have tried to overcome this challenge but have been unable to sufficiently create a good working abstraction for the novice author. The work presented in this paper focused on creating AR work instructions for bench top assemblies using a novel form of authoring termed expert demonstration. The working concept is that an expert is recorded performing the assembly steps by a computer vision system. The recording is then automatically processed to generate AR work instructions. Augmented Reality via Expert Demonstration Authoring (AREDA) is the name of the representative software developed in this research. AREDA is divided into two phases: the demonstration phase and refinement phase. Using computer vision algorithms along with a novel skin detection algorithm known as Particle Swarm Optimized Gaussian Mixture Model, the demonstration phase was created. This phase takes 3D point clouds of assembly sequences and converts them into ordered 3D parts along with their transformations. The refinement phase then allows a user to modify the automatically generated AR work instructions to fix errors and add useful virtual content (textual instructions). Finally, three use cases are presented using AREDA to generate the work instructions. Through these use cases, this paper shows the significance of the expert demonstration authoring approach.
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