Abstract
Percutaneous biopsies are popular for extracting suspicious tissue formations (primarily for cancer diagnosis purposes) due to the: relatively low cost, minimal invasiveness, quick procedure times, and low risk for the patient. Despite the advantages provided by percutaneous biopsies, poor needle and tumor visualization is a problem that can result in the clinicians classifying the tumor as benign when it was malignant (false negative). The system developed by the authors aims to address the concern of poor needle and tumor visualization through two virtualization setups. This system is designed to track and visualize the needle and tumor in three-dimensional space using an electromagnetic tracking system. User trials were conducted in which the 10 participants, who were not medically trained, performed a total of 6 tests, each guiding the biopsy needle to the desired location. The users guided the biopsy needle to the desired point on an artificial spherical tumor (diameters of 30, 20, and 10 mm) using the 3D augmented reality (AR) overlay for three trials and a projection on a second monitor (TV) for the other three trials. From the randomized trials, it was found that the participants were able to guide the needle tip 6.5 ± 3.3 mm away from the desired position with an angle deviation of 1.96 ± 1.10° in the AR trials, compared to values of 4.5 ± 2.3 mm and 2.70 ± 1.67° in the TV trials. The results indicate that for simple stationary surgical procedures, an AR display is non-inferior a TV display.
Highlights
Percutaneous biopsies are commonly performed by radiologists to extract tissue samples from a patient to aid in making diagnoses
In terms of false negatives caused by wrong imaging methods, Marek Boba et al found that performing a biopsy using US instead of stereotactic guidance provided the physician with better control of the sampling process, real-time guidance, direct visualization of the needle, and faster procedure times
The size of the tumor changed between trials, the task itself stayed relatively consistent within the augmented reality (AR) and TV trials
Summary
Percutaneous biopsies are commonly performed by radiologists to extract tissue samples from a patient to aid in making diagnoses. This procedure is performed by inserting a biopsy needle (see Figure 2B) into the skin and guiding it to the area of interest. In terms of false negatives caused by wrong imaging methods, Marek Boba et al found that performing a biopsy using US instead of stereotactic guidance provided the physician with better control of the sampling process, real-time guidance, direct visualization of the needle, and faster procedure times. The rate of false negatives typically decreased as the radiologist became more experienced (Brenner et al, 1996; Liberman et al, 2001)
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