Abstract
Industry 4.0 (or 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> industrial revolution) facilitates horizontal and vertical digital information flow along value chains up to the end-customer and is highly relevant in a broad variety of industries. Augmented reality (AR) is a key technology in Industry 4.0, which connects the virtual and real-world environments using such digital information flows. In doing so, the technology relies upon the systems that includes hardware and software components. Particularly, optics and photonics are of much importance in the display and processing of information in these systems. However, a particular challenge is that the AR-based systems have not been adopted in the industry as much as other technologies even after several decades of their existence. Based on review of academic literature, an industrial survey and experiments conducted in the industry, this article aims to identify success factors and challenges of AR systems and metrics of photonic components that can form the basis of an AR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">*</sup> framework for photonics-based system design for future research.
Highlights
AUGMENTED reality (AR) is one of the hot topics in Industry 4.0
AR is a key technology of Industry 4.0, in which virtual content is generated through computer and overlaid on real world
The aim of this paper is to highlight challenges of AR systems and metrics of photonic components that can form the basis of a new AR* framework for photonics-based system design for future research
Summary
AUGMENTED reality (AR) is one of the hot topics in Industry 4.0. New opportunities are offered in nextgeneration electronics by displaying information through transparent screens, like AR devices, smart surgical glasses, and smart windows [1]. The aim of this paper is to highlight challenges of AR systems and metrics of photonic components that can form the basis of a new AR* framework for photonics-based system design for future research. This was achieved through review of academic literature, an industrial survey, industrial experiments, and further analysis of the results that are presented in this article for the first time. Thereby, enabling increased flexibility, autonomy and adaptability [25] These concepts are powered by digital technologies, fueling a fourth industrial revolution, the term Industry 4.0 was coined [24]. In economic terms, Industry 4.0 technologies need to be scalable within SMEs as well as large enterprises
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