Abstract
Amaranthus tricolor genotype VA13 was evaluated under four salinity stress in terms of color parameters, leaf pigments, β-carotene, vitamin C, TPC, TFC, TAC, phenolic acids and flavonoids. Salinity stress significantly increases all the studied traits. The increments of all these compounds were high under moderate and severe salinity stress compared to control condition. In this study, trans-cinnamic acid was newly identified phenoic acid in A. tricolor. Salicylic acid, vanilic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercetin and m-coumaric acid were the most abundant phenolic compounds of amaranth that increased with the severity of salinity stress. A. tricolor leaves are good source of pigments, β-carotene, vitamin C, bioactive compounds, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidants. In salt-stressed amaranth, correlation studies revealed strong antioxidant activity of leaf pigments, β-carotene, vitamin C, TPC, TFC. These bioactive compounds played a vital role in scavenging ROS and could be beneficial to human nutrition by serving as a good antioxidant and antiaging source in human health benefit. A. tricolor cultivated under salinity stress conditions can contribute a high quality of the final product in terms of leaf pigments, bioactive compounds, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidants. It can be a promising alternative crop in saline-prone areas.
Highlights
Salinity, one of the major abiotic stress and serious threat to global food security
Amaranthus tricolor is an excellent source of leaf pigments, β-carotene, vitamin C, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity that had a great importance for the food industry as most of them are natural antioxidants and detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the human body[4,5]
High redness and yellowness values recorded in the genotype VA13 could be expected since it is characterized by the presence of the high pigments
Summary
L* 31.16 ± 1.85a 32.34 ± 1.92b 34.12 ± 2.05c 35.16 ± 2.14d a* 10.12 ± 0.87a 10.76 ± 0.99b 11.42 ± 1.12c 12.63 ± 1.02d b* 3.56 ± 0.28a 3.75 ± 0.32b. There are few reports related to the effect of salinity stress on leaf pigments, vitamins, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity in different crops including leafy vegetables. Lim et al.[12] reported that buckwheat treated with 10, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl concentrations result in an increase of phenolic compounds and carotenoids in the sprouts compared to the control (0 mM). There is no information on A. tricolor in response to salinity stress in terms of leaf pigments, β-carotene, vitamin C, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity. In present investigation, high antioxidant enriched and high yield potential genotype VA13 were evaluated to study the response of leaf pigments, β-carotene, vitamin C, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity under four salinity stress
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