Abstract
The development of glass flat panel distributed mode loudspeakers (DML’s) will enable compelling new applications, such as flat panel displays that double as loudspeakers, or in architectural and automotive applications, window glass that can produce sound or actively cancel environmental noise. In this paper we discuss the frequency response of glass flat-panel distributed mode loudspeakers. The density of panel bending modes, their quality factors (Q’s), and the modal radiation efficiencies determine a DML’s frequency response. For example, a 0.55 mm thick cover glass for a 55 in. television has more than 10 000 bending modes in the audible frequency range. The density of modes increases with frequency and above a threshold frequency, determined by the panel dimensions and the mode Q’s, the mode spacing becomes less than the width of the individual modes, so the overall frequency response approaches the smooth, flat response of an ideal pistonic loudspeaker. However, below this frequency, discrete modes produce prominent peaks in the frequency response. We present simulated and measured glass panel frequency responses, including the effect of a thin layer of trapped air behind a DML panel, and we discuss the need for high internal friction (low Q) glass.
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