Abstract
A 9-year-old boy under chemotherapeutic treatment for acute myeloid leukemia evolved with edema in the lower lip, with a crusted ulcer circumscribed by an erythematous and painless area, purulent secretion, and pseudomembrane, measuring approximately 1.5 cm at its largest diameter, with no history of trauma. The patient was being treated with cefepime, fluconazole, vancomycin, metronidazole, hydrocortisone, and tretinoin, as well as antiemetic and antihistamine drugs. Cell smears were collected for exfoliative cytology; direct mycologic, bacterial, and viral culture; and fungi investigation. No viruses or bacteria were identified. The direct mycologic examination showed yeast cells without pseudohyphae and the search for fungi was positive for <i>Candida colliculosa</i>. The technique used to identify the <i>Candida</i> strain was matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight. The dose of fluconazole was increased, and the improvement of the lesion accompanied the patient's immune recovery until hospital discharge.
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