Atypical location of the thyroid node in the upper section of the neck (clinical observation)

Abstract

Currently, there is an increase in the number of patients with nodular formations of the thyroid gland (TG), which requires preoperative diagnostics, which allows to detect in a timely manner follicular neoplasia and highly differentiated forms of cancer, colloid goiter with compression of the neck organs, nodular and diffuse toxic goiter (DUS) [5]. Most often, the nodes are located in the thyroid gland, but there are cases with atypical localization. Ectopia of the thyroid gland, or thyroid ectopia (from the Greek “ektopos”, i.e. “displaced”) is the presence of its atypical tissue in a place that is not characteristic of normal localization. This pathology develops due to a violation of the migration of progenitor cells of the thyroid gland during its embryonic development. The prevalence of thyroid ectopia is 1 per 100,000–300,000 people, 1 case per 4–8 thousand patients with thyroid pathology. Among the sick in 65–80 % of cases are women. According to the studied literature, thyroid ectopia can become a source of malignancy, so timely diagnosis and surgical treatment is necessary to prevent the development of life-threatening conditions. An analysis of a clinical case of atypical location of a thyroid nodule with a suspected oncological neoplasm in case of recurrence after hemithyroidectomy was carried out.