Abstract
The quest for how quantum systems evolve, and eventually, how to induce such quantum systems to behave as desired has been growing during the last two decades in a new paradigm, “Control Age” of the 21st century science. The past two decades have witnessed the remarkable advance in the new metrology for ultrafast electron dynamics, which allows one to control material processes at electron level and study dynamics far away from equilibrium, to which the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded. This article reviews recent progress in the generation of isolated attosecond pulses and their applications for characterization and real-time measurement and manipulation of electron dynamics in atoms, and condensed matters, providing the audience with the new insights and perspective that these tools can provide in aspects of both fundamental science and future technology.
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