Abstract
Previous studies described in detail many university–industry programs. The purpose of this paper was to develop a multidimensional and multi-item attitude scale to measure undergraduate tourism students’ attitudes towards working in the tourism industry. This study was a quantitative and exploratory research. This paper describes a scale development process and presents the result of the scale using data collected from a university–industry collaboration program in Macau. This study identified five dimensions, i.e., Interpersonal Relationships, Industry–Person Congeniality, Organizational Climate, Working Condition, and Nature of Work, to measure the students’ attitudes. The proposed measurement scale will help evaluate and identify the sustainability of university–industry cooperation partnerships. Furthermore, the scale will help design marketing strategies to promote such programs. This study identified areas to be improved and provides suggestions to HR managers or educators.
Highlights
Ever since the liberalization of the Macau gaming license, Macau has experienced enormous growth and has developed into a world-class tourism destination
While the low unemployment rate was beneficial to the workers, it created labor shortage
A precise measurement scale of attitudes with appropriate adjustments based on the specific characteristics of the industry was paramount
Summary
Ever since the liberalization of the Macau gaming license, Macau has experienced enormous growth and has developed into a world-class tourism destination. As a result of the increasing number of constructions in gaming facilities and hotel resorts, the unemployment rate in Macau reduced from 6.1 percent in 2003 to 2 percent in 2017. While the low unemployment rate was beneficial to the workers, it created labor shortage. According to the Bureau of Economics and Business Affairs [1] and Casino News Daily [2], labor shortage is one of the “bottlenecks” to the future development of Macau tourism. From 1998 to 2016, tourist arrival, hotel employees, and students enrolled in higher education increased of 445 percent, 253 percent, and 368 percent, respectively (see Figure 1)
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