Attitudes and perceptions of rural dwellers in Anambra state Nigeria towards receiving COVID-19 vaccination: A population based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: The development of vaccines against COVID-19 has had a significant impact on managing the pandemic. However, little data exists on the level of vaccine acceptance in Nigeria and Africa. Objective: This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among rural dwellers in Anambra state, Nigeria. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey carried out in rural communities from February to April, 2023. A total of 400 adults, 100 adults per location who were aged 18 years and above were involved in this study using the multi-stage sampling technique. Results: The study analyzed the willingness of rural dwellers adult to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, with 497 respondents aged 18 years and above. Majority of the respondents were female, between the ages of 18-25 years, and had attained tertiary education. Most respondents heard about the vaccine through social media and health professionals. Only 22.74% of the respondents had taken the vaccine, with 77.26% yet to receive it. Age, higher educational level, and being employed were significantly linked with the willingness to receive the vaccine. Conclusion: The study found that while adults have good knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine, there is little willingness to be vaccinated due to reported side effects. The study suggests a need for appropriate health education in rural areas to increase vaccine acceptance.