Abstract
ObjectivesCorrect episiotomy use and technique may prevent obstetric anal sphincter injuries. We aimed to explore the attitudes, use, and technique regarding episiotomy among doctors in Sweden, and their willingness to contribute to a randomized controlled trial of lateral episiotomy or no episiotomy in vacuum extraction in nulliparous women. Study designA web-based survey was sent to members of the Swedish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (n = 2140). The survey included 31 questions addressing personal characteristics, use of episiotomy, a two-dimensional picture on which the respondents drew an episiotomy, and questions regarding attitudes towards episiotomy and participation in a randomized controlled trial. We calculated the proportion of supposedly protective episiotomies (fulfilling criteria of a lateral or mediolateral episiotomy and a length ≥ 30 mm). We compared the results between obstetricians, gynecologists, and residents using Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences between groups, and logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of drawing a protective episiotomy. ResultsWe received 432 responses. Doctors without a vacuum delivery in the past year were excluded, leaving 384 respondents for further analyses. In all, 222 (57.8%) doctors reported use of episiotomy in<50% of vacuum extractions. We obtained 308 illustrated episiotomies with a median angle of 53°, incision point distance from the midline of 21 mm, and length of 36 mm, corresponding to a lateral episiotomy. Few doctors combined these parameters correctly resulting in 167 (54.2%) incorrectly drawn episiotomies. Residents drew shorter episiotomies than obstetricians and gynecologists. Doctors ranked episiotomy the least important intervention to prevent obstetric anal sphincter injuries in vacuum extraction. Doctors contributing to an ongoing randomized controlled trial of lateral episiotomy or no episiotomy in vacuum extraction were more able to draw a protective episiotomy (OR 3.69, 95% confidence interval 1.94–7.02). ConclusionsDoctors in Sweden reported restrictive use of episiotomy in vacuum extraction and depicted lateral type episiotomies, although the majority were incorrectly drawn. Preventive episiotomy was ranked of low importance. Our results imply a need for education, training, and guidelines to increase uptake of correct episiotomy technique, which could result in improved prevention of obstetric anal sphincter injuries.
Highlights
Episiotomy should be used selectively and restrictively [1,2,3]
Further research is needed to clarify if routine episiotomy is useful in women with operative vaginal delivery [5]
The obstetricians, gynecologists, and residents differed in most characteristics, the reported use of episiotomy in VE was similar (Table 1)
Summary
Episiotomy should be used selectively and restrictively [1,2,3]. The clinical application of this wording is unclear, operative vaginal delivery could be such a selected situation [3,4]. ⇑ Corresponding author at: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd selective versus routine episiotomy in vaginal birth [5]. Routine episiotomy [6z0-100%) was not protective against obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) in spontaneous vaginal delivery [5]. Further research is needed to clarify if routine episiotomy is useful in women with operative vaginal delivery [5]. A lateral or mediolateral episiotomy may prevent OASIS in vacuum extraction (VE) in nulliparous women [6,7]. There may be a correlation between episiotomy rate and preventive effect, as seen in a meta-analysis and the EURO-PERISTAT project [6,8].
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