Abstract

In mid-2021, after more than a year of pandemic, there were still great uncertainties about the role of tobacco smoking or nicotine on COVID-19 incidence, severity and mortality [1]. A large number of case series showed a low prevalence of smokers among patients with COVID-19. However, all these studies had an inadequate design to support any causal conclusion. On the contrary, the number of well-conducted longitudinal studies (i.e., cohort studies) on the issue was limited. This did not allow us to provide robust evidence on the relationship between tobacco smoking and COVID-19. (...)

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