Abstract
Results of the study about pollutants content in soils of urbanized landscapes are presented. Patterns of their migration and accumulation in main soil types of Brovary are grounded. Correlation relationships between the individual components of ecologicalgeochemical system of urbanized territory were analyzed. Dependences of landscape resistance to technogenic pollution on the level of conservation of natural geochemical parameters of soils, degree of their anthropogenic transformation and level of heavy metals were determined. According to geochemical criteria technogenic associations of heavy metalsin soils are determined, which are represented by the following elements: Cu>Pb>Zn>Co>Cr>V>Mo>Mn>Ni. Level of gross content of chemical elements compounds in soils of different zones of the city is heterogeneous. City zones with the highest polyelement contamination of soil have been identified. Maximum technogenic load is recorded in urban areas of transport infrastructure zone and zone of production and communal-warehouse facilities. Ecological and geochemical assessment on the total index of pollution by using methods of Y.E. Saeta, is shown. Value of this topsoil parameter in Brovary (0-10 cm) ranges from 30 to 106, the average is 65, which corresponds to hazardous level of soil pollution. According to the total indicator of technogenic pollution, Brovary belongs to cities with high pollution level. Soils in all parts of the city, except for residential areas, are classified as hazardous. Studied soils of the city are characterized by plumbum geochemical specialization. High levels of zinc, manganese, cobalt and chromium were also found (the maximal permissible concentrations in soil exceeds by 1.7-4.7 times). Especial attention is paid to the patterns, mechanisms of pollutants influence on the complex of soil properties and processes that determine the ecological condition of soils and their resistance to anthropogenic flows. Soil contamination by pollutants leads to changes in their physical and chemical properties (cation exchange capacity pH, organic matter content) which causes a low buffering capacity of soil cover of the city.
Highlights
Methodological component of the ecological-geochemical assessment of urbanized territories is landscape-geochemical analysis of the environment conditions
Accumulation of mobile forms of Cu and Co in urban soils and soils of the background territory is approximately similar in profile, with the exception of soils of the special-purpose zone, where two accumulation maximals are observed in Cu, as in Zn and in Co - one in the illuvial-humus horizon with signs of urban pathogenesis
Modern urbanized soils of the city are characterized by the following technogenic geochemical association of heavy metals: Cu>Pb>Zn>Co>Cr>V>mobile forms (Mo)>Mn>Ni
Summary
Methodological component of the ecological-geochemical assessment of urbanized territories is landscape-geochemical analysis of the environment conditions. We have identified the following associations of accumulation of mobile forms of heavy metals, typical for various functional zones of the city: Public area: Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>Co>Cr; Residential area: Zn>Cu>Pb>Co>Ni>Cr; Landscape and recreational area: Zn>Cu>Pb>Co>Cr>Ni; Area of transport infrastructure: Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>Co>Cr; Area of engineering infrastructure: Zn>Cu>Pb>Co>Ni>Cr; Area of production and municipal-warehouse facilities: Zn>Cu>Pb>Co>Ni>Cr; Special purpose area: Cu>Zn>Pb>Co>Ni>Cr. Natural background soils by the content and degree of contamination of mobile forms of heavy metals have low content of Ni, Co, Cr and average – Cu, Pb and Zn (Table 4). For technogenic and anthropogenic zones of the city, regardless of soil type, there is a clear accumulation of metals in the top layer soil horizon
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