Abstract
Rats previously exposed to inescapable footshock were inferior to nonshocked rats in acquiring a shock-escape response. In three separate experiments, these response deficits were improved by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) given 1 h prior to testing. Subsequent experiments suggested that this effect cannot be attributed to ECS-induced (1) retrograde amnesia, (2) decreased shock thresholds, or (3) increased general activity.
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