Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic human pathogen that mainly infects immunocompromised individuals and patients with urinary tract infection and chronic infections of the respiratory pathways, including cystic fibrosis. Many quorum sensing (QS) controlled components such as bio surfactants and swarming motilities play an important role in the establishment of biofilms. Targeting these factors through anti-QS strategies prevent biofilm formation and treating infections. Coccinia indica commonly called little gourd is used to treat diabetes, wound, burn infections and has antioxidant, antibacterial and antitussive properties.
 Methods: The methanolic fruit extract of C. indica was prepared and screened for anti-QS and anti-biofilm formation activity. Pyocyanin inhibition, rhamnolipid, crystal violet staining assay tests was performed and the extract was observed under fluorescent microscope.
 Results: The results obtained are as follows - the fruit extract inhibits the pyocyanin at 58.13% and 42.27% at 0.5 mg/ml and 1.0 mg/ml, biofilm at 69.86% and 49.06% at 0.5 mg/ml and 1.0 mg/ml, inhibits rhamnolipid assay and under fluorescent microscope it is seen scattered whereas control produce biofilm matrix like appearance.
 Conclusion: Since less study has been made on the quorum sensing and biofilm activity of C.indica our study aimed to fulfil it and it was found that it exhibits good biofilm formation and thus can be used for treating infections.
Highlights
Bacteria usually monitor the environment in which they live constantly for changes
Since less study has been made on the quorum sensing and biofilm activity of C.indica our study aimed to fulfil it and it was found that it exhibits good biofilm formation and can be used for treating infections
The synthesis of P. aeruginosa is regulated by the quorum sensing (QS) system
Summary
Bacteria usually monitor the environment in which they live constantly for changes These attain their own critical species population density by cell to cell chemical signaling thereby controlling the expression of specific genes. Intermediate present between them is the quinolone system that uses 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone as the signal molecule [2] These molecules control and release various virulence factors (such as pyocyanin, Las A, Las B, rhamnolipid, exopolysaccharide, colony morphology etc.), toxins, bioluminescence, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. QS has been considered as an important target for improving unique anti infective means that does not depend on the use of antimicrobials [6] This biofilm forming ability of P. aeruginosa makes the infection persist. Our team has extensive knowledge and research experience that has translated into high quality publications [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27],[28,29,30,31,32].[33][34][35].[36,37,38,39,40] the study aims in finding the quorum sensing and the biofilm forming ability of fruit extract against P. aeruginosa
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