Attenuation of Adenosine-Induced Myocardial Perfusion Heterogeneity by Atenolol and Other Cardioselective β-Adrenoceptor Blockers: A Crossover Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Study

Abstract

Little is known about the effect of chronic beta-blockade on adenosine actions. We sought to investigate the effect of oral beta-blockers on the presence, extent, and severity of myocardial perfusion abnormality induced by adenosine in patients with coronary artery disease. In this crossover study, 45 male patients with coronary artery disease on beta-blocker therapy with atenolol, bisoprolol, or metoprolol underwent adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging both on and off beta-blockade in a random order on separate days. Myocardial perfusion was assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Hemodynamic response, image analysis, and sensitivity for the detection of coronary stenosis (>or=50% luminal diameter reduction on x-ray coronary angiography) were compared between the on and off beta-blocker studies. Rate pressure product both at baseline and at peak adenosine infusion decreased by 23% +/- 15% and 21% +/- 18%, respectively, after beta-blockade (P < 0.001 for all). The median (interquartile range) summed difference score, a measure of defect reversibility, and quantitative defect size were both significantly lower after beta-blockade (median, 7.0 [interquartile range, 2.0-9.5] vs. median, 5.0 [interquartile range, 0-8.0], P = 0.002; and quantitative defect size, 18% [interquartile range, 9%-34%] vs. quantitative defect size, 6% [interquartile range, 0%-19%], P < 0.001, respectively). The overall sensitivity for the detection of coronary stenosis decreased from 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.88) to 0.58 (95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.71) after beta-blockade (P = 0.03). beta-blockade causes a small but significant reduction in the extent and severity of perfusion abnormality by adenosine. This may reduce the diagnostic sensitivity of adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging for the detection of flow-limiting coronary stenosis.