Abstract
Passive acoustic mapping (PAM) techniques have been developed in order to reduce risk and improve treatment efficacy by localizing and quantifying cavitation emissions during therapeutic ultrasound procedures. The performance of these techniques may be significantly degraded by attenuation between the internal therapeutic target and the external monitoring system. Attenuation itself is an essential parameter in the determination of therapeutic outcomes and safety of treatments such as HIFU ablation or volumetric hyperthermia. However, the spatial and temporal distributions of this parameter are not typically known in clinical scenarios. To address these challenges, we present a method for estimating attenuation using broadband cavitation emissions, potentially allowing for restoration of PAM performance, improved treatment monitoring and guidance, and mapping of tissue attenuation over the course of a treatment. Results from simulations and flow phantom experiments illustrate: (1) the impact of soft tissue-like attenuation on PAM images, (2) the ability to estimate attenuation from cavitation data, and (3) the enhancement of cavitation source imaging and energy estimation following PAM input data attenuation compensation. In the future, the technique could be expanded as a general broadband method of attenuation correction for conventional diagnostic ultrasound images and improved therapeutic ultrasound treatment planning.
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