Attenuation Characteristics of High-Frequency Ground Motions from Local Sources Caused by Great Subduction Zone Earthquakes in Northeast Japan

Abstract

AbstractGround-motion attenuation characteristics are examined for the peak ground accelerations (PGAs) and peak ground velocities (PGVs) from strong-motion generation areas (SMGAs), which emit strong high-frequency waves during great subduction zone earthquakes. A conventional ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) for earthquakes is designed based on the magnitude and distance from the source fault to predict the peak ground motion amplitude. For great subduction zone earthquakes, significant wavetrains of high-frequency ground motions are often separately observed in seismograms, and the corresponding rupture areas are estimated as SMGAs along the plate interface. In this case, although the advantages of using the shortest distances measured from the closest SMGAs rather than the shortest fault distance have been confirmed in previous studies, it is more physically reasonable to examine the ground-motion attenuation characteristics of individual SMGAs based on their magnitudes and locations. Therefore, we examine the attenuation characteristics of the PGAs and PGVs of individual SMGAs of the 2003 Mw 8.2 Tokachi–Oki earthquake and 2011 Mw 9.1 Tohoku earthquake in the Japan subduction zone considering data at stations within an SMGA distance of 300 km and the SMGA moment magnitude. The model, exhibiting the same functional form as a conventional GMPE, is fitted to the PGA and PGV data pertaining to each SMGA that are normalized to a bedrock site with VS30=760 m/s at any distance. The uncertainties in the obtained PGAs and PGVs are 3.6% and 13.5% lower, respectively, in terms of the residual in logarithmic units than those in the results of previous approaches considering only the SMGA distance. This result could help develop GMPEs for SMGAs to more appropriately predict the strong motions generated during great subduction zone earthquakes.