Abstract
Immune responses can determine thein vivofate of implanted materials. The strategy for developing implants has shifted towards using materials with immunomodulatory activity. However, the immunoregulatory effect of hydrophilicity of titanium surface on the macrophage behavior and its underlying mechanism remain poorly understood. Here, the Ti surface hydrophilicity-dependent behavior of murine RAW264.7 macrophages was investigatedin vitro. Two laboratory models with significantly different surface hydrophilicity and similar roughness were established with Ti-polished and Ti-H2O2surfaces. The results of cell morphology observation showed that the Ti-H2O2surface yielded enhanced cell adhesion and less multinucleated cell formation. CCK-8 assay indicated that the growth rate of macrophage on Ti-H2O2surface is higher than that of Ti-polished. ELISA assay result revealed lower level of proinflammatory factor TNF-αand higher level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 on the Ti-H2O2surface compared to Ti-polished. Subsequently, immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis showed that activation of the NF-κB-TNF-αpathway might be involved in the modulation of the immune response by surface hydrophilicity. Together, these results suggested that relative high hydrophilic Ti surface might attenuate the immune response of macrophage by activating NF-κB signaling. These findings could provide new insights into designing implant devices for orthopedic applications.
Highlights
Because of excellent mechanical and corrosion resistance properties, titanium- (Ti-) based materials have been widely used in making dental and orthopedic implants [1, 2]
To devise a strategy for Ti surface design for clinical regenerative therapies, additional data regarding the effects of surface hydrophilicity on immune responses and the underlying mechanisms involved will be required
The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation clearly indicated that Ti-H2O2 possessed a nanostructure with a uniformly distributed nanoparticle compared to Ti-polished surface (Figure 1(a))
Summary
Because of excellent mechanical and corrosion resistance properties, titanium- (Ti-) based materials have been widely used in making dental and orthopedic implants [1, 2]. Macrophages, the major effector cells in the immune response to implants, have been reported to determine the long-term immune response and outcome of an inflammatory reaction [6, 7]. In the clinic the long-term systematic use of drugs can compromise host defenses, leading to impaired immune responses and an increased potential for infection [9]. To avoid this problem, appropriate surface modifications of implants have been considered as an alternative approach to inhibit or attenuate inflammation reaction temporarily for achieving high success rates [10,11,12]
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