Attention problems as a risk factor for concussion in youth ice-hockey players

Abstract

ObjectiveTo examine attention problems in youth ice-hockey players as a risk factor for concussion.DesignSecondary analysis of two prospective cohort studies.SettingIce-rinks and Sport Medicine Centres in two Canadian cities over three ice-hockey seasons (2011/12, 2012/13, 2014/15).Assessment of risk factorsSelf-report of formal diagnosis of attention or learning disorders were collected on previously validated preseason baseline questionnaires by all participating players. Parents and players completed the Behaviour Assessment System for Children (BASC-2), which includes inattention and hyperactivity scales.Participants2,364 Canadian ice-hockey players (11–17 years old, 87% male).Outcome measuresA previously validated prospective injury surveillance system was used. All suspected concussions were referred to the study physician for confirmation of diagnosis. Concussion risk ratios (RR) were estimated, including stratification by known risk factors.ResultsOne-hundred ninety-two of 2,215 players (9%) self-reported attention and/or learning disorders at baseline. Overall, 256 players (11%) sustained one or more concussions during a season. Players identified as “at-risk” for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), based on BASC-2 T-scores (inattention and/or hyperactivity scale) greater than 60, had a greater risk of concussion during the season based on child report [RR=1.51 (95% CI 1.13–2.04)] and parent report [2.97 (95% CI 1.65–5.34)]. In players with no history of previous concussion, the RR based on child report was 1.88 (95% CI 1.22–2.90) and based on parent report was 5.03 (95% CI 2.45–10.29).ConclusionsIce-hockey players identified as “at-risk” for ADHD on the basis of baseline BASC-2 scores are at a greater risk of concussion.Competing interestsNone.